Antoine Lavoisier was the first to list the elements. In his list he organized 33 elements into metals and non-metals.
Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was the first to list the elements. In his list he organized 33 elements into metals and non-metals.
Lothar Meyer
Lothar Meyer took the previous list of elements and organized them into a table; this was the first Periodic Table of Elements.
Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev created a periodic table based on the elements weight and the elements similarities to other elements. This was also the first Periodic Table of Elements because it was created at the same time as Lothar Meyer’s table.
Groups
Groups in the periodic table are in columns from top to bottom. Every element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital based on group number. There are 18 groups.
Periods
Periods in the periodic table are organized from left to right in rows. Each element in a period is similar to the others and has the same number of atomic orbitals.
Orbitals
Orbitals surround the nucleus
of an element. Different orbitals have a different number of sub orbitals and each orbital hold a different number of elements.
Trends
The elements of the periodic table show trends. Trends can be recognized by using the periodic table and can be explained by analyzing the electron configuration of the elements. Elements gain or lose valence electrons to obtain stable octet formation. Stable octets are seen in the noble gases of Group VIII of the periodic table. There are two other important trends. The first is, electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period. The electrons of the outermost shell experience increasingly strong nuclear attraction, so the electrons become closer to the nucleus and more tightly bound to it. Second, moving down a column in the periodic table, the outermost electrons become less tightly bound to the nucleus. These trends explain the periodicity observed in the elemental properties of atomic radius, ionic radius, electron affinity, and electronegativity.
Atomic Radius
The atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a given group. The atoms with the largest atomic radii are located in Group I and at the bottom of groups.
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy trends are opposite of atomic radius trends. Ionization energy increases from left to right ad the atomic radius decreases. Ionization energy decreases down a group ad the atomic radius increases.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the amount of attraction of an atom for the electrons during a chemical bond. Electronegativity is closely related to ionization energy because electrons with low electronegativity have low ionization energy. Electrons with high electronegativity have high ionization energy. The electronegativity decreases as the atomic number increases because of increased distance between valance electrons and greater atomic radius.
S block elements
S Block Elements cosist of the elment Hydrogen, Alkali Metals, and Alkali Earth Metals. Elements in S Block all have the orbital S as their outer shell.
Hydrogen and Helium
Hydrogen is the first element on the Periodic Table. It is most commonly found mixed in our atmospere, and it us also a part of water. Our sum is also mostly hydrogen.
Helium is the 2nd element of their periodic table. Helium is used to fill up balloons and blimps and allow them to float because it is lighter than air. It is also used as a shield in arc welding. It also is used on diver’s tanks to balance out there oxygen.
Helium is the 2nd element of their periodic table. Helium is used to fill up balloons and blimps and allow them to float because it is lighter than air. It is also used as a shield in arc welding. It also is used on diver’s tanks to balance out there oxygen.
Alkali Metals
Lithium is the 3rd element on the periodic table. Lithium is commonly used in heat and electrical transfers such as lithium batteries. It also is used to make glass, ceramic, and light wait yet strong metal for airplanes.
Sodium is the 11th element on the periodic table. It is the 6th most abundant element on the earth. Sodium is a highly reactive element and is never found in nature. Sodium explodes when wet but after being combined with another element it is very useful. It can be made into titanium, gas for yellow stop lights, even common table salt.
Potassium is the 19th element of the periodic table. It is a highly reactive element, but is never found free in nature. It is sometimes used as heat transfer material usually in nuclear reactors. It also combines to make soaps and washing detergents. It also is used in fertilizers.
Rubidium is the 37th element on the periodic table. Usually found as a by product of lithium Uses of rubidium are still few, some believe it can be used as a propellant, and it may eventually be useful in batteries. It is also used in the timing mechanism of clocks.
Cesium is the 55th element on the periodic table. It has a limited use because it has the second lowest melting point of metallic elements. One major use is in atomic clocks. It is believed to one day that it may be used as a propellant.
Francium is the 87th element on the periodic table. Because of the little amount if this element there are no know uses of it except research.
Sodium is the 11th element on the periodic table. It is the 6th most abundant element on the earth. Sodium is a highly reactive element and is never found in nature. Sodium explodes when wet but after being combined with another element it is very useful. It can be made into titanium, gas for yellow stop lights, even common table salt.
Potassium is the 19th element of the periodic table. It is a highly reactive element, but is never found free in nature. It is sometimes used as heat transfer material usually in nuclear reactors. It also combines to make soaps and washing detergents. It also is used in fertilizers.
Rubidium is the 37th element on the periodic table. Usually found as a by product of lithium Uses of rubidium are still few, some believe it can be used as a propellant, and it may eventually be useful in batteries. It is also used in the timing mechanism of clocks.
Cesium is the 55th element on the periodic table. It has a limited use because it has the second lowest melting point of metallic elements. One major use is in atomic clocks. It is believed to one day that it may be used as a propellant.
Francium is the 87th element on the periodic table. Because of the little amount if this element there are no know uses of it except research.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Beryllium is the 4th element of the periodic table. It is transparent and impervious to x-rays, so it is used to make x-ray windows for x-ray machines. It is also used as a moderator in nuclear reactors. It also plays a major role in making springs and welding materials.
Magnesium is the 12th element in the periodic table. It is the 8th most abundant element in the world. It burns very brightly. It is used in flares and flash bulbs for candles. It is used to make aluminum foil, and in some welding, and even in baseball catchers mask. When mixed with water it becomes a laxative.
Calcium is the 20th element on the periodic table. It is the 5th most abundant element in the world. Because of its high reactivity it has poor metallic qualities, and is usually used to process other elements. It also makes chalk, marble, lime, and plaster of Paris.
Strontium is the 38th element of the periodic table. Most of it today is used in the picture tubes for televisions. And it is a common product of nuclear explosions.
Barium is the 56th element of the periodic table. It is never found free in nature because it reacts with oxygen. It has many uses when it is made into a compound. It can make fillers for rubber and plastic. It also makes white pigments and glow in the dark materials. Also used to make the clolors in firewroks.
Radium is the 88th element of the periodic table. It is used to make self luminous paint for clocks and watch hands but because of it radioactivity it killed people, and these clock will still glow for thousands of years. It also produces radon which is used to help cure some cancers.
Magnesium is the 12th element in the periodic table. It is the 8th most abundant element in the world. It burns very brightly. It is used in flares and flash bulbs for candles. It is used to make aluminum foil, and in some welding, and even in baseball catchers mask. When mixed with water it becomes a laxative.
Calcium is the 20th element on the periodic table. It is the 5th most abundant element in the world. Because of its high reactivity it has poor metallic qualities, and is usually used to process other elements. It also makes chalk, marble, lime, and plaster of Paris.
Strontium is the 38th element of the periodic table. Most of it today is used in the picture tubes for televisions. And it is a common product of nuclear explosions.
Barium is the 56th element of the periodic table. It is never found free in nature because it reacts with oxygen. It has many uses when it is made into a compound. It can make fillers for rubber and plastic. It also makes white pigments and glow in the dark materials. Also used to make the clolors in firewroks.
Radium is the 88th element of the periodic table. It is used to make self luminous paint for clocks and watch hands but because of it radioactivity it killed people, and these clock will still glow for thousands of years. It also produces radon which is used to help cure some cancers.
P block elements
The P Block Elements are the elements in the last six groups of the periodic table, minus Helium.
Boron Group
The Boron Group is the 13th group of the periodic table.
Boron is the 5th element of the periodic table. It is used to make green flares and has been used as an ignition source for rockets. It also combines to make insulation for homes. It can be made into flame retardant devices also.
Aluminum is the 13th element of the periodic table. It is the most abundant element on the earth crust but is never fount free in nature. Aluminum is used all over in many aluminum products from cans to foil. It also makes mirrors by placing it on glass. And it can be used to conduct electricity.
Gallium is the 31st element of the periodic table. It melts at room temperature making it useful in high temperature thermometers. It also has been used to help melt other alloys.
Indium is the 49th element of the periodic table. Indium is used as a lubricant in high speed motors. It can also be used to make mirrors.
Thallium is the 81st element of the periodic table. There is no use if it in its metallic state. But when combined with other substances it can create a low melting glass, and even rat poison, it was such a good poison it killed people in the houses, and was banned from houses. It was also used to murder people.
Carbon Group
The Carbon group is the 14th group of there periodic table. All of these elements have 4 electrons in its outer shell.
Carbon is the 6th element of the periodic table. It is the 6th most abundant element in the universe. There are 3 natural allotropes. They all do different things. The first is used for making inks, the second is used for lubricants and pencils, and the last is diamonds used on cutting tools. (A mans best friend, not a girls.)
Silicon is the 14 element of the periodic table. One allotrope of it is used in microchips in its metallic state. Another is Silicon Dioxide, which it the most abundant element in the earth crust, and can be anything forms sand to quartz to flint or opal. It also combines to make some glass and even egg preserves.
Germanium is the 32nd element of the periodic table. When combined with other elements it is used as an electrical conductor. It also helps make florescent lights glow. It can also be used to kill some types of bacteria and is being researched now.
Tin is the 50th element of the periodic table. One for of tin is gray tin; there are few uses of gray tin. Then there is white tin, white tin is the normal from. Tin is used to coat metals to keep them from rusting. It is also important in making window glass.
Lead is the 82nd element of the periodic table. Lead is some and easy to manipulate and corrosion resistant, making it a highly useful element. Some old pipes were made of lead and are still in use. But it is poisonous so your water pipes killed you. It is also a shield for x-rays and gamma rays so it is used to line x-ray room walls. It is also used in batteries such as car batteries where acids react with the lead to create charge. Was once uses as an insecticide but because of the poison it killed people and animals. It is still used at bullets and weights today.
Carbon is the 6th element of the periodic table. It is the 6th most abundant element in the universe. There are 3 natural allotropes. They all do different things. The first is used for making inks, the second is used for lubricants and pencils, and the last is diamonds used on cutting tools. (A mans best friend, not a girls.)
Silicon is the 14 element of the periodic table. One allotrope of it is used in microchips in its metallic state. Another is Silicon Dioxide, which it the most abundant element in the earth crust, and can be anything forms sand to quartz to flint or opal. It also combines to make some glass and even egg preserves.
Germanium is the 32nd element of the periodic table. When combined with other elements it is used as an electrical conductor. It also helps make florescent lights glow. It can also be used to kill some types of bacteria and is being researched now.
Tin is the 50th element of the periodic table. One for of tin is gray tin; there are few uses of gray tin. Then there is white tin, white tin is the normal from. Tin is used to coat metals to keep them from rusting. It is also important in making window glass.
Lead is the 82nd element of the periodic table. Lead is some and easy to manipulate and corrosion resistant, making it a highly useful element. Some old pipes were made of lead and are still in use. But it is poisonous so your water pipes killed you. It is also a shield for x-rays and gamma rays so it is used to line x-ray room walls. It is also used in batteries such as car batteries where acids react with the lead to create charge. Was once uses as an insecticide but because of the poison it killed people and animals. It is still used at bullets and weights today.
Nitrogen Group
The Nitrogen Group is the 15th Group of the periodic table. Element in group 15 have 5 valance electrons.
Phosphorus is the 15th element of the periodic table. It is poisonous and ignites when contacts air. It is used in fireworks, smoke bombs, and flares. It can even be used in soft drinks.
Arsenic is the 33rd element of the periodic table. It compounds are poisonous so it has been used to make rat poison and insecticides. It can be combined to make laser lights.
Antimony is the 51st element of the periodic table. It is a brittle metal and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Some of its alloys are used to make flame-proof materials.
Bismuth is the 83rd element of the periodic table. Bismuth mixes wit other metals to make fire detection systems, and automatic sprinklers.
Nitrogen is the 7th element of the periodic table. It is a gas. It is the 5th most abundant element of the universe and makes up 78% of our atmosphere. One major use is in fertilizer and explosives. It is also used in certain types of welding. It is also used in the oil industry, and makes liquid nitrogen.
Phosphorus is the 15th element of the periodic table. It is poisonous and ignites when contacts air. It is used in fireworks, smoke bombs, and flares. It can even be used in soft drinks.
Arsenic is the 33rd element of the periodic table. It compounds are poisonous so it has been used to make rat poison and insecticides. It can be combined to make laser lights.
Antimony is the 51st element of the periodic table. It is a brittle metal and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Some of its alloys are used to make flame-proof materials.
Bismuth is the 83rd element of the periodic table. Bismuth mixes wit other metals to make fire detection systems, and automatic sprinklers.
Oxygen Group
The Oxygen Group or Oxygen Family is the 16th group of the periodic table. Each element in this group has 6 valance electrons.
Oxygen is the 8th element of the periodic table. It is a gas. It is the 3rd most abundant element in our universe. It is 2/3rds the mass of the human body, and 9/10ths the mass of water. Oxygen is breathed by all living things. One other major use is for welding and cutting tools.
Sulfur is the 16th element of the periodic table. It is one of the few elements found pure in nature. It is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. Most sulfur is used to make sulfuric acid for lead batteries. It also makes fertilizers and is useful in other industries. It is also the reason for acid rain.
Tellurium is the 52nd element of the periodic table. It is found free in nature. It is used to color glass. One of its major uses is in blasting caps for dynamite. One use is to mix with other metals to make them easier to manipulate.
Polonium is the 84th element of the periodic table. It is being researched that it can be used as a small heat source. It is used to remove static electricity in machines that roll material such as paper or sheet metal. It is also used to clean photo paper.
Oxygen is the 8th element of the periodic table. It is a gas. It is the 3rd most abundant element in our universe. It is 2/3rds the mass of the human body, and 9/10ths the mass of water. Oxygen is breathed by all living things. One other major use is for welding and cutting tools.
Sulfur is the 16th element of the periodic table. It is one of the few elements found pure in nature. It is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. Most sulfur is used to make sulfuric acid for lead batteries. It also makes fertilizers and is useful in other industries. It is also the reason for acid rain.
Selenium is the 34th element of the periodic table. Because its conductivity relies on how much light shines on it, it is used to make light sensitive devices like switches, electric eyes, and light sensors for cameras. It is also used in solar panels because it can produce its own electricity in sunlight.
Tellurium is the 52nd element of the periodic table. It is found free in nature. It is used to color glass. One of its major uses is in blasting caps for dynamite. One use is to mix with other metals to make them easier to manipulate.
Polonium is the 84th element of the periodic table. It is being researched that it can be used as a small heat source. It is used to remove static electricity in machines that roll material such as paper or sheet metal. It is also used to clean photo paper.
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